Which of the following is not required to ascertain facts in land records?

The correct choice highlights that a property lease is not a document required for ascertaining facts in land records. When reviewing land records, the focus is primarily on ownership, rights, and encumbrances related to the property. This typically involves examining documents like deeds, certifications, bylaws, and articles of incorporation, which provide essential information about the ownership entity and its legal standing.

A property lease is a contractual agreement between a lessor and lessee regarding the use of a property but does not directly affect the ownership status or other legal facts recorded against the title of the property itself. Therefore, while a lease may be relevant to specific tenant rights and obligations under its terms, it doesn’t contribute to the foundational data required for determining title, ownership, or any encumbrances associated with land records.

In contrast, a certification of good standing and the articles of incorporation are vital in confirming the legal status and operations of an entity that may hold property, while bylaws outline how the entity is governed — all of which play crucial roles in understanding the overall title and claims on the property.